An orderly list of the U.S. states' admission to the Union

An American map labeled with state names and borders
After the initial 13 states ratified the Constitution in 1787, additional states were admitted to the Union in the order of their ratification.

Each of the 50 individual states in the United States has some degree of autonomy, but ultimately shares power with the federal government. Due to the division of powers between the federal government and the individual states, Americans hold dual citizenship. To distinguish themselves from other states, the official names of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia all include the word "commonwealth" rather than "state."

The United States is divided primarily into individual states. They hold all authority not specifically given to or forbidden to the federal government by the United States Constitution. Issues of local concern are typically delegated to the respective state governments, which may include the management of intrastate commerce, the conduct of elections, the formation of local governments, the direction of public schools, and the construction and maintenance of roads that are not funded by the federal government. Republican principles form the basis for each state's constitution and government, which consists of an executive, legislative, and judicial branch. [2]

The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature made up of senators and representatives from all 50 states. There are two senators for every state and at least one representative, with the size of a state's delegation in the House based on its population as determined by the most recent decennial census required by the Constitution. There's also the Electoral College, which votes for the President and Vice President of the United States, of which each state gets a certain number of representatives and senators to represent it. [4]

The Constitution specifies that Congress has the power to Union" target="_blank">admit new states into the Union in Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1. There are currently 50 states, up from the original 13. All newly admitted states have been given full voting rights. [5]

Below is a table with information about when each of the 50 states became independent. After signing on to the United States Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the first 13 states formally entered the Union of States between 1777 and 1781 by ratifying the Articles of Confederation. (A separate table detailing the ratification of the Acts of Confederation is provided below.) Each of these states is listed in the order in which it ratified the Constitution in 1787 and thus became a part of the fledgling (and now established) United States of America. Each subsequent state's admission date is a statutory deadline established by Congress. [a]

List of U S states [ edit ]

State Date
(approved or allowed) Made up of 1   Delaware When: 7 December 1787 [8]
(ratified) [b]The Colony of Delaware. 2   Pennsylvania Dated: 12 December 1787 [10]
(ratified) Pennsylvania, a Crown Colony 3   New Jersey On this day in 1787: [11]
(ratified) New Jersey was a royal colony. 4   Georgia First Day of the Year, 1788 [8]
(ratified) Georgia, a British Crown Colony 5   Connecticut January 9th, 1788 [12]
(ratified) The State of Connecticut, a Colony of the British Crown 6   Massachusetts 6 February 1788 [8]
(ratified) Boston, Massachusetts, a Royal Colony 7   Maryland April 28, 1788 [8]
(ratified) Maryland, a Colonial Colony 8   This is the state of South Carolina1. May 23, 1788 [8]
(ratified) Kingdom of the South Carolina Colonies 9   It's in the Granite State, New Hampshire1 June 21, 1788 [8]
(ratified) New Hampshire, a Colony under the Crown 10   Virginia June 25, 1788 [8]
(ratified) Virginia, Imperial Colony and Dominated State 11   New York July 26, 1788 [13]
(ratified) Royal New York's Colony 12   Carolina del Norte Dated: November 21st, 1789 [14]
(ratified) Colonial North Carolina, a Crown Colony 13   State of Rhode Island1 May 29, 1790 [8]
(ratified) Providence Plantations, Rhode Island, and the Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 14   Vermont March 4, 1791 [15]
(admitted) The Republic of Vermont 15   Kentucky June 1, 1792 [16]
(admitted) Including the nine counties that make up its District in Kentucky(d), Virginia. 16   Tennessee June 1, 1796 [18]
(admitted) Aspects of the South-Western Region 17   Ohio March 1, 1803 [19][e]
(admitted) The Northwest Territories, Fractional 18   Louisiana April 30, 1812 [21]
(admitted) Louisiane's Territories 19   Indiana Time Period: December 11th, 1816
(admitted) Location: Indiana Territory1 20   Mississippi Dated: 12-10-1817 [22]
(admitted) The Mississippi Delta Region 21   Illinois Monday, December 3, 1818 [23]
(admitted) Substantial Area of Illinois 22   Alabama The 14th of December, 1819 [24]
(admitted) Geographical Area Including Alabama 23   Maine March 15, 1820 [25]
(admitted) In the state of Massachusetts (Maine[f] District). 24   Missouri Tuesday, August 10, 1821 [26]
(admitted) A Portion of Missouri Territory 25   Arkansas June 15, 1836 [27]
(admitted) The Arkansas Valley 26   Michigan Thursday, January 26th, 1837 [28]
(admitted) Province of Michigan 27   Florida March 3, 1845
(admitted) The State of Florida 28   Texas On this day in 1845, December 29th, [29]
(admitted) Independence, Texas 29   Iowa Last Updated: 28 December, 1846
(admitted) Specifically, the portion of Iowa's territory that is called 30   Wisconsin May 29, 1848 [30]
(admitted) A Section of Wisconsin 31   California Tuesday, September 9, 1850 [31]
(admitted) Partially Organized Regions of Mexico and Other Cessions to Mexico[g] 32   Minnesota May 11, 1858 [32]
(admitted) A Section of Minnesota 33   Oregon Wednesday, February 14, 1859
(admitted) A Section of Oregon Territory 34   Kansas Friday, January 29, 1861 [33]
(admitted) Specifically, a section of Kansas. 35   The state of West Virginia1 June 20, 1863 [34]
(admitted) Virginia (all fifty counties in the Trans-Allegheny area[h]). 36   Nevada Date: October 31, 1864
(admitted) Nevada State 37   Nebraska March 1, 1867
(admitted) Nebraska State 38   Colorado Initially, on August 1st, 1876 [37]
(admitted) Region of Colorado 39   The State of North Dakota1 Tuesday, November 2, 1889 [38][i]
(admitted) A Portion of Dakota Territory 40   It's in the Badlands of South Dakota1. The date was November 2, 1889. [38][i]
(admitted) South Dakota Section 41   Montana Monday, November 8th, 1889 [41]
(admitted) Location: Montana, USA 42   Washington Day that marks the 11th of November, 1889 [42]
(admitted) State of Washington 43   Idaho July 3, 1890
(admitted) Idaho, the Territorial State 44   Wyoming July 10, 1890
(admitted) Location: Wyoming, USA 45   Utah On this day in 1896: January 4 [43]
(admitted) In the State of Utah 46   Oklahoma It was on November 16th, 1907, that the first American [44]
(admitted) The Indian and Oklahoma Territories 47   New Mexico January 6th, 1912
(admitted) The State of New Mexico 48   Arizona As of today (14 February 1912)
(admitted) Arizona State University 49   Alaska On this date in 1959:
(admitted) Alaskan territory 50   Hawaii Today in History (August 21st, 1959)
(admitted) Honolulu, Hawaii

Dates of ratification of the articles of confederation [ edit ]

In order for the Articles of Confederation to be ratified by the separate states, the Second Continental Congress approved them on November 15, 1777. After being ratified by all 13 states, the Articles of Confederation took effect on March 1, 1781. The Articles of Confederation, the precursor to the present United States Constitution, were formally abolished on March 4, 1789. [45]

State Date 1 Seal of Virginia.svg Virginia Wednesday, December 16th, 1777 2 Carolina del Sur Tuesday, February 5th, 1778 3 Seal of New York.svg New York Saturday, February 6th, 1778 4 Here in Seal of Rhode Island.svg Rhode Island On this day in 1778, February 9: 5 Seal of Connecticut.svg Connecticut 12 February 1778 6 Seal of Georgia.svg Georgia Wednesday, February 26th, 1778 7 It's in the Granite State, Seal of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire March 4, 1778 8 Seal of Pennsylvania.svg Pennsylvania March 5, 1778 9 Seal of Massachusetts.svg Massachusetts March 10, 1778 10 Geographical Indication: Seal of North Carolina.svg North Carolina April 5, 1778 11 Seal of New Jersey.svg New Jersey Sunday, November 19th, 1778 12 Seal of Delaware.svg Delaware Day of the Sun, February 1, 1779 13 Seal of Maryland (reverse).svg Maryland It all started on February 2nd, 1781

See also [ edit ]

  • The admission of California to the Union was a part of the Compromise of 1850, a set of legislative acts passed by Congress.
  • During the years 1854–1861, when Kansas was still considered part of the territory rather than a state, a series of violent conflicts broke out in the territory between anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups.
  • A law passed in 1889 called the Enabling Act gave citizens of the Dakota, Montana, and Washington territories the legal right to organize state governments (with Dakota being split into two states) and apply for admission to the Union.
  • The Oklahoma Enabling Act granted the people of Oklahoma and the Indian Territory the right to organize a state government and seek admission to the Union as a single state. The New Mexico and Arizona Admission Acts did the same for the people of those territories. calling for a vote on whether or not the two jurisdictions should be united into one state.
  • Upon passage of the Alaska Statehood Act on December 2, 1958, Alaska was officially admitted to the Union as the 49th state on January 3, 1959.

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ There are 11 states that were not included on this list because they seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America during the Civil War: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. or the "readmission to representation in Congress" of each state after the war, as the federal government does not officially recognize the states' separation from the Union. Even though the Constitution is silent on the subject, the Supreme Court ruled in Texas v. White (1869) that a state cannot secede from the Union without the consent of the other states. [7]
  2. ^ The "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware" are another name for this area. On June 15, 1776, the Delaware Assembly passed a resolution ending the colony's relationship with Britain and establishing the three counties as a new state called "the Government of the Counties of New Castle." Upon the Delaware River, Kent and Sussex [9]
  3. ^ New Hampshire's provincial governor, Benning Wentworth, issued about 135 land grants for uninhabited land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River (in what is now southern Vermont) between 1749 and 1764. This territory was also claimed by New York. As a result of the "New Hampshire Grants" conflict, the Green Mountain Boys emerged, and eventually Vermont became its own independent nation. In 1764, King George III issued an edict canceling New Hampshire's claim to the territory, and in 1790, New York sold its claim to Vermont for $30,000.
  4. ^ On December 18, 1789, the Virginia General Assembly passed a bill approving the secession of the "District of Kentucky" from the rest of Virginia and paving the way for the establishment of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. [17]
  5. ^ Uncertainty surrounds Ohio's official statehood date. An act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union" (Sess) was passed on April 30, 1802 by the 7th Congress. 1, ch 40, 2 Stat. 173) An act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess) was passed by the same Congress on February 19, 1803. 2, ch 7, 2 Stat. 201) However, neither law established a specific date for the beginning of statehood. The 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union" (Pub. L. 83-204, 67 Stat. 407, enacted 1953) to officially establish Ohio's statehood date. 7 August 1953 in accordance with a resolution passed on March 1, 1803, [20]
  6. ^ On June 19, 1819, the Massachusetts General Court passed enabling legislation separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (an action approved by voters in Maine on July 19, 1819, by 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, the Massachusetts Legislature officially recognized the "District of Maine." an additional measure was passed recognizing Maine's impending statehood. [17]
  7. ^ Most of the territory that Mexico handed over to the United States in 1848 was formerly part of the Mexican Department of Alta California, which had been created after the Bear Flag Revolt and the Mexican-American War. As part of the Compromise of 1850, Congress passed an act making California the 31st state.
  8. ^ Restored Virginia's General Assembly authorized the formation of West Virginia on May 13, 1862, by passing an act. Later, in Virginia v. West Virginia (1871), the Supreme Court impliedly confirmed that the secessionist counties of Virginia had the legal authorization to form a new state. [36]
  9. ^ a b North and South Dakota are the only states to have been born on the same day, and within minutes of each other. In order to conceal the order in which states were admitted to the Union, President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood documents before signing them. Because "n" comes before "s" in the alphabet, North Dakota is traditionally counted as the 39th state, while South Dakota is counted as the 40th. [39][40]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Edward Erler Essays on the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Provision Heritage: The Institute for Cultural Preservation
  2. ^ "The Minnesota Legislature: Frequently Asked Questions" The State Legislature of Minnesota
  3. ^ Kristin D Burnett The 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08: Congressional Apportionment (PDF) U S Economics and Statistics Administration, Department of Commerce
  4. ^ Einer R. Elhauge Article II Electors and Presidential Elections: Essays Initiated by the Heritage Corporation
  5. ^ Equal-States Doctrine Justia com
  6. ^ Merrill Jensen (1959) Articles of Confederation: A Social and Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781 Press of the University of Wisconsin pp  xi, 184 ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6
  7. ^ 74 U.S. 700 (1868) "Texas v. White" Justia com
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target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">eg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-2" targg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">et="_blank">c, g/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">eg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://g/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">en.wikipg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">edia.org/wiki/#citg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">e_rg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">eg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-3" targg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">et="_blank">d, g/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/#cite_reg/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f-JRVlist_9-4" target="_blank">e, g/wiki/#cite_ref-JRVlist_9-5" target="_blank">f, g, h John R. 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  9. ^ "State of Delaware" Delaware gov Information Resources, State of Delaware
  10. ^ A Brief History of Pennsylvania from 1776 to 1861: From Independence to the Civil War PA gov Department of History and Museums of Pennsylvania
  11. ^ Convention Records from the Year 1787 NJ gov The State Department of New Jersey
  12. ^ This Day in History... January 9 loc gov U.S. Congress Library
  13. ^ "On This Date in History: July 26" loc gov Museum of American History Library of Congress
  14. ^ Historically Speaking, Today Is... November 21 loc gov The Congress Library
  15. ^ State Number Fourteen Exploring Vermont's Past The Vermont Historical Society Website archived on May 30, 2013
  16. ^ Historic State Park Named for Constitution Square americanheritage com American Heritage Company of Publishers Retrieved April 23, 2019
  17. ^ a b "The Origins, Evolution, and Current Status of Their Official Names and Statuses" TheGreenPapers com
  18. ^ A Chronological Account of State Events TN gov Department of State of Tennessee The original version was published on April 10th, 2016.
  19. ^ Frederick J. Blue (Fall of 2002) Date Ohio Became a State The Bulletin of the Ohio Academy of History Date of original publication: September 11, 2010
  20. ^ Resolving the Confusion over Ohio's Statehood
  21. ^ "Fast Facts about the State of Louisiana" louisiana gov Website archived on March 24, 2013 Retrieved June 15, 2016
  22. ^ To all, this is the Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission saying hello. The Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission Retrieved 16 February 2017
  23. ^ Historically Speaking, It's December 3rd loc gov The Congress Library
  24. ^ Timeline of Alabama's Past, 1800-1860 alabama gov Retrieved June 15, 2016
  25. ^ The 15th of March in History loc gov National Library of Congress
  26. ^ The tenth of August: A Day in History loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
  27. ^ The 15th of June in History loc gov The Congress Library
  28. ^ The 26th of January in History loc gov The Congress Library
  29. ^ The phrase "Texas joins the Union" On This Day In... It's the A&E Television Networks, of course. March 4, 2010 Retrieved April 23, 2019
  30. ^ What happened on May 29th, in history books. loc gov Archives of the Congress
  31. ^ The "Admittance Day of California," which occurred on September 9, 1850. CA gov The California State Parks and Recreation Agency
  32. ^ "On This Day in History: May 11" loc gov Archives of the Congress
  33. ^ Dated "Today in History: January 29"1 loc gov The Congress Library
  34. ^ As seen on "Today in History, June 20." loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
  35. ^ "A State for Convenience," Chapter 12: The Birth of West Virginia, Reorganized Virginia Government Approves the Split. Wvculture org Culture and History Section of West Virginia
  36. ^ Virginia v. West Virginia 78 U.S. 39 (1870) Justia com
  37. ^ The 1st of August: A Day in History loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
  38. ^ a b November 2nd is commemorated as "Today in History" loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
  39. ^ MacPherson, James, and Burbach, Kevin. (2014, November 2). After 125 years as separate states, tensions between the Dakotas still run high. Bismarck's Daily Tribune AP Retrieved June 29, 2020
  40. ^ Reference: Stein, Mark (2008) Smithsonian Books/Harper Collins, "How the States Got Their Shapes," p. 256
  41. ^ David J. Wishart (ed ) "Montana" The Great Plains: An Encyclopedia Lincoln: Nebraska State University Retrieved 15 Février 2017
  42. ^ History on This Day (November 11) loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
  43. ^ Author: Thatcher, Linda - 2016 Timeline of the Fight for Statehood historytogo utah gov Salt Lake City, Utah
  44. ^ The 16th of November: A Day in History loc gov The Congress Library
  45. ^ Author: Rodgers, Paul (2011) An Overview of U.S. Constitutional Law McFarland p  109 ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5

Internet resources [ edit ]

  • The United States of America Video Archive History com
  • "Independence Day" 50states com
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