Date of admission to the Union is listed for each of the 50 states in the United States.
Among the fifty nations that make up the United States, a state is one of the entities that holds some degree of independence but not complete autonomy. In light of the division of powers between the federal government and the individual states, all U.S. citizens hold dual citizenship. In their full legal names, the states of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia use the term commonwealth rather than state.
As the most basic administrative divisions, states play a crucial role in the United States. They have all the authority that is not specifically given to or forbidden to the federal government by the United States Constitution. Local matters, such as intrastate commerce, elections, the formation of local governments, public school policy, and non-federal road construction and maintenance, are generally under the purview of state governments. There is a separate government in each state, with its own constitution based on republican ideals and its own executive, legislative, and judicial branches. [2]
The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature made up of senators and representatives from all 50 states. Each state has two senators and at least one representative, with the size of each state's delegation in the House of Representatives determined by the state's population as of the most recent decennial census required by the Constitution. In addition, the Electoral College, the body that chooses the President and Vice President of the United States, allows each state to send a number of voters to vote there that is equal to the sum of its congressional deputies and senators. [4]
The power to Union" target="_blank">admit new states into the Union is delegated to Congress by Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution. As of today, there are 50 states, up from the original 13. When a new state joins, it joins on equal footing with the others. [5]
Below is a table with information about when each of the 50 states became independent. After signing on to the United States Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the first 13 states formally entered the Union of States in the years between 1777 and 1781 by ratifying the Articles of Confederation. (See below for a separate table detailing the ratification dates of the AoC.) Each of these states is listed in the order in which it ratified the Constitution in 1787 and thus became a part of the fledgling (and now established) United States of America. Each subsequent state's admission date is a legally binding statute. [a]
List of U S states [ edit ]
accepted; confirmed
Delaware (ratified)
Pennsylvania (ratified)
New Jersey (ratified)
.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state).svg.png)
Georgia (ratified)
Connecticut (ratified)
Massachusetts (ratified)
Maryland (ratified)
This is the state of South Carolina1. (ratified)
This New Hampshire1 (ratified)
Virginia (ratified)
New York (ratified)
In the state of North Carolina1 (ratified)
The State of Rhode Island1 (ratified)
Vermont (admitted)
Kentucky (admitted)
Tennessee (admitted)
Ohio (admitted)
Louisiana (admitted)
Indiana (admitted)
Mississippi (admitted)
Illinois (admitted)
Alabama (admitted)
Maine (admitted)
Missouri (admitted)
Arkansas (admitted)
Michigan (admitted)
Florida (admitted)
Texas (admitted)
Iowa (admitted)
Wisconsin (admitted)
California (admitted)
Minnesota (admitted)
Oregon (admitted)
Kansas (admitted)
Western Virginia (admitted)
Nevada (admitted)
Nebraska (admitted)
Colorado (admitted)
The State of North Dakota1 (admitted)
Dakota (State) (admitted)
Montana (admitted)
Washington (admitted)
Idaho (admitted)
Wyoming (admitted)
Utah (admitted)
Oklahoma (admitted)
New Mexico (admitted)
Arizona (admitted)
Alaska (admitted)
Hawaii (admitted)
Ratification of the Articles of Confederation [ edit ]
Articles of Confederation were approved for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777, after being approved by the Second Continental Congress. When the Articles of Confederation were finally ratified by all 13 states on March 1, 1781, the new government was officially established. The current federal government, established under the Constitution, succeeded the general government under the Articles on March 4, 1789. [45]
Virginia 
South Carolina 
New York 
Rhode Island 
Connecticut 
Georgia 
New Hampshire 
Pennsylvania 
Massachusetts 
North Carolina 
New Jersey 
Delaware .svg/30px-Seal_of_Maryland_(reverse).svg.png)
Maryland See also [ edit ]
- The admission of California to the Union was a part of the Compromise of 1850, a collection of acts passed by Congress.
- During the years of 1854–1861, when Kansas was still considered part of the territory of Kansas, a series of violent conflicts broke out between anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups, earning the region the nickname "Bleeding Kansas."
- In 1889, Congress passed the Enabling Act, which allowed the people of the Dakota, Montana, and Washington territories to organize themselves politically as states and apply for admission to the Union.
- The Oklahoma Enabling Act granted the people of the Indian Territory and the State of Oklahoma the right to organize a state government and seek admission to the Union as a single state. The New Mexico and Arizona Admission Acts did the same for the people of those territories. calling for a vote on whether or not the two areas should be combined into one state.
- The Alaska Statehood Act, which officially made Alaska a state on January 3, 1959.
Notes [ edit ]
- ^ This does not take into account the 11 states that seceded from the Union and later rejoined it (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas) during the American Civil War. or the "readmission to representation in Congress" of each state after the war, as the federal government does not recognize the states as having left the Union legally. Even though the Constitution is silent on the subject, the Supreme Court ruled in Texas v. White (1869) that a state cannot secede from the Union without the consent of the other states. [7]
- ^ The "Three Lower Counties Upon Delaware" are another name for this area. On June 15, 1776, the Delaware Assembly passed a resolution ending the colony's relationship with Great Britain and establishing "the Government of the Counties of New Castle" over the state's three counties. A View of Delaware from Kent and Sussex [9]
- ^ In the years between 1749 and 1764, New Hampshire's provincial governor Benning Wentworth issued roughly 135 grants for unoccupied land west of the Connecticut River (in what is now southern Vermont), territory also claimed by New York. The Green Mountain Boys emerged from the resulting "New Hampshire Grants" dispute, which eventually resulted in the founding of the Vermont Republic. In 1764, King George III issued an edict canceling New Hampshire's claim to the territory, and in 1790, New York sold its claim to Vermont for $30,000.
- ^ On December 18, 1789, the Virginia General Assembly passed a bill approving the secession of the "District of Kentucky" from the rest of Virginia and paving the way for the establishment of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. [17]
- ^ Ohio's official statehood date is shrouded in mystery. An act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union" (Sess.) was passed by the 7th Congress on April 30, 1802 (O.H.R. 1). 1, ch 40, 2 Stat. 173) An act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio" (Sess) was passed by the same Congress on February 19, 1803. 2, ch 7, 2 Stat. 201) However, neither statute established an official statehood date. The 83rd Congress passed a Joint resolution "for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union" (Pub. L. 83-204, 67 Stat. 407, enacted 1953) to officially establish Ohio's statehood date. Monday, August 7th, 1953 ) that fixed March 1, 1803 as the date [20]
- ^ On June 19, 1819, the Massachusetts General Court passed enabling legislation separating the "District of Maine" from the rest of the State (which was approved by voters in Maine on July 19, 1819, by a margin of 17,001 to 7,132); then, on February 25, 1820, the Massachusetts State Senate ratified the separation. added a measure recognizing Maine's impending statehood as a formality [17]
- ^ The majority of the territory that Mexico gave up to the United States in 1848 after the Bear Flag Revolt and the Mexican-American War had previously been part of the Mexican Department of Alta California. It was as a result of the Compromise of 1850 that California became the 31st state through an Act of Congress.
- ^ West Virginia was officially established by an act of the General Assembly of the Restored Government of Virginia on May 13, 1862. Later, in Virginia v. West Virginia (1871), the Supreme Court implicitly affirmed that the seceding Virginia counties did have the requisite consents to become a separate state. [36]
- ^ a b North and South Dakota are the only twin-born states in the United States, having been created within minutes of each other on the same day. President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood papers so that no one would know which state became the first until after he signed them. Since "n" comes before "s" in the alphabet, North Dakota is traditionally considered the 39th state, with South Dakota following as the 40th. [39][40]
References [ edit ]
- ^ E. Erler Constitutional Law Research Papers: Amendment XIV (Citizenship) We at Heritage, The
- ^ What is the Minnesota Legislature? and Other Frequently Asked Questions The State Legislature of Minnesota
- ^ Kristin D Burnett Title: "Congressional Apportionment (2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-08)"1 (PDF) U S Economics and Statistics Administration, Department of Commerce
- ^ Einer R. Elhauge Analysis of Article II's Electoral College We at Heritage, The
- ^ Known as the "Doctrine of the Equality of States," this term describes a set of principles that hold Justia com
- ^ Merrill Jensen (1959) A Social and Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781: The Articles of Confederation Press of the University of Wisconsin pp xi, 184 ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6
- ^ 74 U.S. 700 (1868) "Texas v. White" Justia com
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. - John R. Vile (2005) Volume 1: Letters A through M of The Constitutional Convention of 1787: An All-Inclusive Encyclopedia of the Founding of the United States of America ABC-CLIO p 658 ISBN 1-85109-669-8
- ^ The State Government of Delaware Delaware gov Delaware State Government's Online Resource Center
- ^ Pennsylvania's turbulent history from independence to secession is summarized in this overview spanning the years 1776 to 1861. PA gov State of Pennsylvania, Department of Historical and Museum Services
- ^ Recordings from the Annual Convention of 1787 NJ gov Department of State of New Jersey
- ^ Date: January 9th, 2011 loc gov U.S. Congress Library
- ^ July 26: "Today in History" loc gov National Library of Congress
- ^ The 21st of November in History loc gov The Congress Library
- ^ This new nation is referred to as "State 14." Discovery of Vermont's Past State of Vermont Department of History Archive of the original version from May 30, 2013
- ^ Constitution Square is a state historic site. americanheritage com AHPC: American Heritage Publishing Co. Retrieved April 23, 2019
- ^ a b State and Territory Naming and Constitutional Development in the United States. TheGreenPapers com
- ^ A Chronological Account of State Events TN gov Department of State of Tennessee Date of original upload: April 10, 2016
- ^ Author: Blue, Frederick J. During the fall of 2002. When Ohio became a state Quarterly Journal of the Ohio Academy of History A copy of this article that was archived on September 11, 2010
- ^ Ohio's Statehood: Setting the Record Straight
- ^ Quick and dirty data about the state of Louisiana. louisiana gov Date of original publication: March 24, 2013 Retrieved June 15, 2016
- ^ The Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Board extends its warmest greetings to you. The Mississippi Bicentennial Celebration Commission Retrieved 16 February 2017
- ^ As seen on "Today in History, December 3" loc gov American Memory: Congress Library
- ^ Timeline of Alabama's Past, 1800-1850 alabama gov Retrieved June 15, 2016
- ^ Dated "March 15 in History" loc gov National Library of Congress
- ^ The tenth of August: A Day in History loc gov Institution of Congress's Library
- ^ The 15th of June: An Historical Marker loc gov US Congress Library
- ^ Timeline of January 26th Historical Events loc gov Government Publishing Office
- ^ The addition of Texas to the Union is announced. History On This Day Media conglomerate A&E March 4, 2010 Retrieved April 23, 2019
- ^ The 29th of May: A Day in History loc gov Federal Research Library
- ^ September 9, 1850: "Admission Day in California" CA gov DP&R of the State of California
- ^ It's May 11th, so here's what happened yesterday in history. loc gov The Congress Library
- ^ The 29th of January in History loc gov The Congress Library
- ^ The 20th of June: A Day in History loc gov Museum of American History Library of Congress
- ^ To create West Virginia was a matter of convenience, as stated in Chapter 12 of "A State of Convenience: The Creation of West Virginia"; the newly reorganized government of Virginia gave its approval to the split. Wvculture org Culture and History Section of West Virginia
- ^ Case cited: "Virginia v. West Virginia, 78 U.S. 39 (1870)" Justia com
- ^ In a historical context, August 1st would be described as "Today in History." loc gov United States Congress Library
- ^ a b "On This Day in History: November 2" loc gov United States Congress Library
- ^ MacPherson, James, and Kevin Burbach. Even after 125 years, rivalry between the Dakotas persists. Newspaper published in Bismarck AP Retrieved June 29, 2020
- ^ Published in 2008 by Mark Stein. How the States Got Their Forms, Smithsonian Books/Harper Collins, pp. 256
- ^ Author: Wishart, David J (ed ) "Montana" Wikipedia entry on the Great Plains Lincoln, Nebraska's University Retrieved Earlier this month, on February 15th, 2017
- ^ The 11th of November in History loc gov Government Publishing Office
- ^ Author: Thatcher, Linda - 2016 Timeline of the Struggle for Statehood historytogo utah gov Utah, U.S.A.
- ^ This Day in History... November 16 loc gov The Congress Library
- ^ As Paul Rodgers (2011) An Overview of U.S. Constitutional Law McFarland p 109 ISBN 978-0-7864-6017-5
Internet resources [ edit ]
- Watch videos from each state in the United States. History com
- "Independence Day" 50states com
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